Hi guys, how r u? After a short break I'm back again. Tonight I'm going to talk about the method of making compound and complex sentences simple. Many young learners find it difficult; but in fact it's not so. Let's see how it's possible. Look below:
He worked hard and (he) succeeded. >>> He succeeded by hard work/working hard.
He worked hard so he succeeded. >>> His success was due to his hard work.
N.B.:- Both the sentences above can be interchanged and their transformation can also be interchanged. The formula is the same.
Study hard or you will fail. >> Without studying hard you will fail. (Negative)
Study hard and you will get good marks. >> By studying hard you will get good marks. (Positive)
As he was negligent to studies, he failed. >> His failure was due to his negligence to studies.
Since he was negligent to studies, he failed. >> He failed for/due to his negligence to studies.
He failed because he was negligent to studies.>>      As above
N.B.:-Both the sentences above can be interchanged and their transformation can also be interchanged. The formula is the same.
Though he is rich, he is unhappy. >> In spite of his riches, he is unhappy.
He is rich but unhappy. >>> In spite of being rich, he is unhappy.
N.B.:-Both the sentences above can be interchanged and their transformation can also be interchanged. The formula is the same.
Summary:
so/and (to indicate result) (+ clause*) >>  as/since/because (+clause) >> due to/for (+ noun/V+ing)
(Al)though/ but (+ clause) >>> In spite of (+ noun/ V+ing -- phrase**);
or (+clause - meaning negative) >> without; and (+clause - meaning positive) >> by (noun/V+ing)
* Clause is a group of words with a finite verb and subject(s), expresserd or not. forming a part of a sentence. It most often acts as a part of speech.
N.B.:- You can change a compound/complex sentence just by replacing the clause with a phrase.
**A phrase is also a group of words but without a subject and a finite verb. It always acts as a single part of speech.
That's all for now guys. We'll discuss more of this topic next time. Meanwhile feel free to ask any question. Good bye.