Friday, March 31, 2017

sleep, doze, snore, slumber, wake, awaken, yawn, dream
Hi friends, how are you? We've been talking about a number of sets of verbs and their uses in real life situation. Tonight also, let's talk about another set of verbs we use in the following situation. Observe carefully.
I was reading a spy-story book. After some time I began to yawn and felt to be dozing. And I didn't know when I fell asleep. It was a deep slumber and I dreamt a scary dream. I saw some monster was chasing me and I was trying to run away from it as fast as I could but my legs failed to carry me. I fell flat on the ground and smashed my face. I groaned in pain in sleep when my sister awoke me up. Being bathed in sweat I woke up from bed.  
That's all for now. Feel free to ask question. Good night and sweet dreams.

Friday, March 3, 2017

evOvjxi ¯^fve-PwiÎ I Avgv‡`i Ae¯’v
evOvjxi ¯^fve I AvPib m¤ú‡K© wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi I K_vwkíx kirP›`ª †h me we‡klY e¨envi K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv LyeB kÖæwZKUz e‡U|Z‡e †m¸‡jv †h †gv‡UB A‡hŠw³K bq †mUv ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡Lbv|  Rxe‡bi  †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡m wZwb Õkwbev‡ii wPwVÕ bvgK cÖwÎKvq GKwU mvÿvrKvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| evOvjx gvbm m¤ú‡K© wZwb A‡bK K_vB e‡jwQ‡jb| Zvui fvlvq, †Kvb wKQz wKQz M‡o †Zvjvi wel‡q cyiælvjx mn¨kw³ I ˆah© AZ¨vek¨K; wKš‘ Gi e`‡j evOvjxi Av‡Q ¯¿x‡jvKmyjf N¨vbN¨vbvwbi ¯^fve| Zv‡`i mve©ÿwbK Awf‡hvM Ab¨iv Zv‡`i Ggb me wKQz †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Q hv Zviv wb‡Riv Ki‡Z cviZ bv| evOvjx gvbm we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q iex›`ªbv_ e‡jb, G‡`i g‡a¨ †ec‡ivqvcbvi cÖebZv GZ D”PgvÎvi †h †h †Kvb wRwbm aŸsm Kivi GK A™¢zZ `ÿZvi AwaKvix Giv| gnvb, e„nËi I cÖksmbxq †Kvb wRwbm‡K cÖksmv Kiv ev DrmvwnZ Kiv G‡`i av‡Z †bB| eis ci®ú‡ii cÖwZ Kv`v †QvuovQzuwo‡Z G‡`i cvi`wk©Zv we¯§qKi| evOvjx ci®ú‡ii cÖwZ Kzrmv I N„bvi Qzwi kvb w`‡Z wcwQ‡q _v‡Kwb KL‡bv|
 evOvjx wb‡R‡`i m¤ú‡K© hv fv‡e Zv Ab¨‡`i m¤ú‡K© fve‡Z Zvi Pig Abxnv| †m wb‡R‡K mZZv I Av`‡k©i cÖwZf’ fve‡jI Ab¨‡K fv‡e Pig `yb©xwZMÖ¯’, †jvfx, Nyl‡Lvi BZ¨vw`| †m †h †Kvb Dcv‡q Zvi A‰ea Kvgbv ev B”Qv‡K ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z Pvq| hv Zvi cÖvc¨ bq Zv cvevi Rb¨ †m †Póvi Aewa iv‡L bv wKš‘ A‡b¨ †mUv Ki‡Q †`L‡jB Zvi †fZ‡ii ÕfvjgvbylÕ (?) †R‡M I‡V| †m Ny‡li wewbg‡q Zvi A‰bwZK Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z Pvq Avevi Nyl‡Lvi‡K bvbv Lvivc Awfav‡b fzwlZ Ki‡Z BZ¯ÍZt K‡i bv| †m mvgvb¨ UvKvi wewbg‡q Pig `yb©xwZevR, †Pvi-WvKvZ-jy‡Uiv‡KI †fvU w`‡Z BZ¯ÍZt K‡i bv; Avevi †mB †jvK hLb Zvi A‰ea ev ˆea Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i bv ZLb Avevi Zv‡K AcQ›` GgbwK N„bv Ki‡ZI wcQcv nq bv| ‡m wb‡R hv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †mUv fvj n‡jI hw` Ab¨ †KD †mUv Ki‡Z Pvq †mUvI Zvi cQ›` nq bv| Bs‡iRx‡Z GKUv K_v Av‡Q - wallowing in the mud -– hv eivnRvZxq cÖvYx‡`iB cQ›`bxq Kg©, †mUvB Zv‡`i A‡b‡Ki Ki‡Z ev‡a bv| G wel‡q h‡_ô D`vnib †`Iqv hvq| Avi Zvi K‡qKUv GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|
A‡b‡KB cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U wdìgvk©vj AvBqye Lvb‡K bvbv iKg Mvwj w`‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| Zvi †jLv †d«Ûm& bU gv÷vm©Õ eBwU †Zv †`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci wbwl×B Kiv n‡qwQj| Zvi cÖewZ©Z †gŠwjK MbZ‡š¿i weiæ‡× G †`‡ki Avu‡Zj mgvR GK ai‡bi wRnv`B †NvlYv K‡iwQj| wKš‘ AvR hLb †mB †ewmK †Wg‡µwm ev †gŠwjK MbZ‡š¿i Abymi‡b †Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb n‡”Q ZLb †mB me Avu‡Zj, hviv AvBqye Lv‡bi wcwÛ PUwK‡qwQj, Zviv Aejxjvq Zv nRg K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Z`vbxšÍb cvwK¯Ív‡bi `yB As‡ki g‡a¨ ˆelg¨, we‡kl K‡i mvgwiK evwnbx I wkíLv‡Zi ˆelg¨ m¤§‡Ü Avgv‡`i ¯^bvgab¨ GKRb nvd-evOvjx A_©bxwZwe` †h me K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i Õ‡mvbvi evsjv kk¥vb †Kb?Õ †¯øvMvb‡K D‡¯‹ w`‡qwQ‡jb, †m m¤ú‡K© AvBqye Lvb Zvi H cy¯Í‡K e¨vL¨v w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb HwZnvwmK Kvi‡bB evOvjxiv GB `yB Lv‡Z wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| GK, evOvjxivB Bs‡iR‡`i weiæ‡× ¯^vaxbZvi jovBGi exR  1857 mv‡j wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni gva¨‡g GB evsjvi e¨vivKcy‡iB cÖ_g ecb K‡i‡Q| cieZ©x‡Z Zv cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q GgbwK Zv mš¿vmx Kvq`vq n‡jI| †m Kvi‡bB Av‡Rv evOvjx gv÷vi`v myh©‡mb, cÖxwZjZv‡`i K_v mM‡e© D”Pvib K‡i| we‡kl K‡i KjKvZvi Bs‡iR cywjk cÖavb †UMvU© mv‡ne‡K gvi‡Z wM‡q e¨_© ÿzw`iv‡gi dvuwm G‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi GK †mvbvjx Aa¨vq| Bs‡iRiv ZvB evOvjx‡`i Ici wek¦vm nvwi‡q †d‡j| Avi †m Kvi‡bB Zviv evOvjx‡`i‡K mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †XvKv‡Z †gv‡UB AvMÖnx wQj bv| e¯‘Zt ZLb †_‡KB evOvjxi mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z cÖ‡ek Av‡iv K‡Vvifv‡e msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o| cvwK¯Ívb nevi ciB †Kej B÷‡e½j †iwR‡g›U MV‡bi gva¨‡g evOvjx mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z cÖ‡e‡k µgvš^‡q DrmvwnZ n‡q I‡V|
`yB, †`kwefvMKv‡j hLb cye© evsjv cvwK¯Ív‡bi GK Ask nq ZLb GB evsjvq gymwjgiv msL¨vMwiô _vK‡jI Zviv cÖavbZ wQj K…lK m¤úª`vq, Ab¨ K_vq cÖRv m¤úª`vq| msL¨vjNy wn›`yivB wQj Rwg`vi †kÖbx| Zv‡`i nv‡ZB wQj A_© Kwo hv Zviv †`kfvM nevi djkÖæwZ‡Z fvi‡Z cvwo †`evi mgq m‡½ wb‡q hvq| hvi A_© gyja‡bi A_© Zviv fvi‡ZB wb‡q hvq Avi GLv‡b _v‡K Zv‡`i `wi`ª cÖRv| Aci c‡ÿ cwðg fvi‡Zi gymjgvbiv wQj awbK, e¨emvqx I f’¯^vgx m¤úª`vq| Zviv hLb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvwo Rgvq ZLb Zv‡`i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡`i gyjabI Zviv †mLv‡b ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| d‡j Zviv †h e¨ev-evwbR¨ fvi‡Z KiZ, †mUv Zviv cvwK¯Ív‡b bZzb K‡i ïiæ K‡i| cye© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvby‡li †m Ae¯’v wQj bv| d‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b †h wkí KviLvbv, e¨emv-evwbR¨ `ªæZ M‡o I‡V Zv cye© cvwK¯Ív‡b HwZnvwmKfv‡eB m¤¢e wQj bv| hw`I GB Ae¯’v †ekx w`b Pj‡Z †`IqvB wQj cwðgv kvmK‡`i Pig fzj| wKš‘ ev¯ÍeZv‡K †Zv A¯^xKvi K‡i BwZnvm †jLv hvq bv| cÖkvm‡bi †ÿ‡Î AvBqye Lv‡bi GKUv †ek gRvi ch©‡eÿb wQj| bvwRgywÏb mv‡n‡ei mg‡qi cÖkvm‡bi Ae¯’v ej‡Z wM‡q wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h Zvui mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GK A™¢zZ cš’v wQj| hLbB Riæix mgvavb †P‡q †Kvb dvBj Zvi Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡Zv, †mUv wZwb Av‡iv dvB‡ji ¯‘‡ci G‡Kev‡i bx‡P ivL‡Zb hZw`b bv †mB mgm¨v Avcbv Avcwb mgvavb n‡q †hZ|
‡mB ˆelg¨ hLb mvavib gvby‡li †Pv‡L `„k¨gvb n‡q DVj ZLb Avgv‡`i evOvjx gvbm µ‡g we‡`ªvnx n‡q DV‡Z jvMj| wKš‘ Zviv Avm‡j wK PvBwQj? D`vnib ¯^iæc ejv hvq, ZLb GLv‡b mvavib gv‡bi Pvj wQj 20/25 UvKv gb Avi M‡gi AvUv `k UvKv gb| Avgiv Avgv‡`i evOvjx †bZv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖwZkÖæwZ ïbjvg †h ‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡j Avgiv 10/12 UvKv `‡i Pvj Avi cvuP UvKv `‡i Mg cve| Avgv‡`i Kb©dzwj KvM‡Ri K‡j KvMR ˆZix nq Avi Zv cvwK¯Ív‡b P‡j hvq| †mLvb †_‡K wd‡i Avm‡j Avgv‡`i‡K Zv wKb‡Z nq `k Avbv w`¯Ív| wKš‘ †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j Avgiv Zv 5/6 Avbv w`¯Ív wKb‡Z cvie| Avgv‡`i Av`gRx cvUK‡j †mvbvi wWg †`q| †mB wWg cvwK¯Ívbxiv wb‡q hvq Avi †mLvbKvi iv¯ÍvNvU †mvbv w`‡q evuavB K‡i Avi Avgv‡`i iv¯Ívq nvuUz cwigvb Kv`v †f‡½ Pj‡Z nq| G ai‡bi Av‡iv KZ iK‡gi wdwiw¯Í Avgv‡`i‡K ZLb †kvbv‡bv n‡Zv|
A_P AvR wK n‡”Q? AvR evOvjxiv Qvov †mbvevwnbx‡Z †Zv Ab¨ †KD †bB| wKš‘ KZRb †mbv Awdmvi, KZRb mvavib ˆmwbK †mB evOvjx‡`i nv‡ZB cÖvb w`‡q‡Q wb‡R‡`i Avf¨šÍixb mgm¨vi Kvi‡b †mUvI †Zv GKUv BwZnv‡mi welq n‡q Av‡Q, _vK‡eI| GK SUKvq 57 †PŠKm †mbv Awdmvi‡K cicv‡i cvVv‡bvi †h Pig I cig K…wZZ¡, †mUvI †Zv Avgv‡`i evOvjx‡`iB Agi KxwZ©| Avi †`‡ki cÖkvmb? ivg K‡nv! AvR‡K †Zv cvwK¯Ívbxiv †bB| Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡ki jv‡Lv †KvwU UvKv we‡`‡k cvPvi Ki‡Q Kviv? Kviv e¨vsK, exgv, †kqvi evRvi jyU Ki‡Q? Kviv kZ †KvwU UvKvi Qqgv‡mi cÖKí nvRvi †KvwU UvKvq wb‡q wM‡q RbM‡bi `y‡f©vM evow‡qB P‡j‡Q gv‡mi ci gvm, eQ‡ii ci eQi? Kviv mgm¨vi Avï mgvavb bv K‡i Zv cyÄxf’Z n‡Z w`‡q †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ‡K µgvš^‡q RwUj †_‡K RwUjZi K‡i †dj‡Q? ZvB †h AvBqye Lvb‡K Avgv‡`i GZ AcQ›`, GZ wb›`bxq, Zvui H K_v¸‡jv wK AvR wg_¨v g‡b nq? ¯^vaxbZvi Ae¨ewnZ cy‡e© Aaybvjyß ˆ`wbK evsjvi cÖL¨vZ mvsevw`K giûg byiæj Bmjvg cv‡Uvqvix (whwb byBcv QÙbv‡g wjL‡Zb) wZwb AvBqye Lv‡bi GK mvÿvrKvi wb‡qwQ‡jb hv m¤¢eZt 1972 mv‡ji †deªæqvix‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| ivRbxwZ‡Z AvBqye Lvb wdi‡eb wK bv †m cÖ‡kœi Dˇi wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, You speak politics? Politics is a game of scoundrels. The people of this country are traitors. They deserve such a leader who can continuously bluff them.
wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î AvR †h nheij Ae¯’v, wkÿvi gv‡bi †h bvUKxq AatcZb, Zvi ‡cÖwÿ‡Z GUv ejv wK LyeB A‡hŠw³K †h evOvjxi nv‡Z c‡oB GUvi Nv‡Ui govi gZB Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q? Avgv‡`i g‡b Av‡Q Õ62 mv‡j hLb AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j hLb me©cÖ_g g¨vwUªK cixÿv ¯’‡j 9g †kÖbx‡Z 4wU I 10g †kÖbx‡Z 6wU †gvU 10 †ccv‡ii GmGmwm cixÿv Ges  wZb eQ‡ii wWMÖx †Kvm© Pvjy Kiv n‡qwQj ZLb eo fvB‡`i cÖ‡ivPbvq c‡o AvgivI Zvi weiæ‡× K‡Vvi Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQjvg| 10g †kÖbxi QvÎ _vKvKv‡j †m-B me©cÖ_g QvÎ-ivRbxwZi nv‡ZLwo w`‡q cÖKvk¨ mfvq e³…Zv K‡iwQjvg H nvgy`yi ingvb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U©i weiæ‡×| wKš‘ c‡i †Zv †evSv †Mj †h ûRy‡M evOvjx Zvi fvjg›` w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv bv wb‡qB Zvi weiæ‡× †Kvgi †eu‡a Av‡›`vj‡b †b‡g c‡owQj| †mB †h Zvici GKUvi ci GKUv wkÿv Kwgkb¸‡jvi wi‡cv‡U©i weiæ‡× avivevwnK Av‡›`vjb K‡i AvR 60/62 eQi c‡iI wK mevi g‡bi gZ †Kvb wkÿv Kwgkb wi‡cvU© cvIqv †M‡Q? Avi hv cvIqv †M‡Q Zv†Z wK GB †`‡ki msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li Avkv-AvKvsLvi cÖwZdjb Av‡Q? ZvQvov ZLb †h 9g I 10g †kÖbx‡Z `yÕev‡i GmGmwm cixÿvi e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kiv n‡qwQj Zv wK AvR‡Ki Zzjbvq kZ¸‡b fvj wQj bv? ZLb †h avivq cixÿv n‡Zv, †h avivq cÖkœ n‡Zv Zv‡Z wK myRbkxjZvi †Kvb NvUwZ n‡Zv? Eis AvR‡K m„RbkxjZvi bv‡g hv n‡”Q Zv †Zv mevB †`L‡ZB cv‡”Q| GB Z_vKw_Z m„RbkxjZv wkÿv_©x‡`i‡K MvBWeB I cÖvB‡fU wUDkwbi Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡i Av‡óc„‡ô wRw¤§ K‡i †d‡j‡Q| ZvQvov ZLbKvi GKv`k †kÖbx‡Z GK eQi, Gici wZb eQ‡ii wWMÖx †Kv‡m© †gvU Pvi eQ‡I GKRb wkÿv_©x MÖvRy‡qU n‡q †h‡Z cviZ| Avi AvR MÖvRy‡qU n‡Z 6/7 GgbwK ZviI †ekx mgq jvM‡Q| ZLb cvewjK mvwf©‡m Gw›Uªi †kl eqm wQj cuwPk eQi| Avi AvR 35/ eQi| Av‡iv †ekx Kivi `vex Avm‡Q| †`‡k jÿ jÿ Z_vKw_Z D”PwkwÿZ †eKvi| GUvB wK ˆecøweK DbœwZ wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î?
 e¯‘Zt Avgv‡`i evOvjxiv cÖvq AvengvbKvj a‡iB, Kwe¸iæi fvlvq, †Kej †jvfx, cikÖxKvZi, wnsmyKB bB, Pig Ajm I Kvg‡PviI e‡U hw`I Aí wKQz e¨wZµg ev‡`| Avgiv kZ †c‡j nvRvi, nvRvi †c‡j jvL, jvL †c‡j †KvwU, Avi †KvwU †c‡j Av‡iv KZ wK †h PvB Zvi †Kvb cwimxgv †bB| Kvib †jv‡fiB †Kvb mxgv _v‡K bv| A_©bxwZi µgn«vmgvb Dc‡hvM wewa G †ÿ‡Î m¤úyb© e¨wZµg| Kvib UvKv-cqmv, g` Avi bvix-‡jvjycZv - hv AvR‡K GB †`‡ki GK wbg©g I KwVb ev¯ÍeZv -  GB wZb e¯‘i †Kvb µgn«vmgvb Dc‡hvM †bB| GQvov Avgiv  †`k‡cÖg, †`k‡cÖg, ¯^vaxbZvi †PZbv, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv BZ¨vw` wb‡q hZ evMvo¤^iB Kwi bv †Kb, Avgv‡`i Pwi‡Îi †gvUv`v‡M wK †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q? †`‡k ‡`kvZ¥‡evaK Mv‡bi msL¨v hZUv †e‡o‡Q wVK ZZUvB cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖg, †`kvZ¥‡eva, †`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ kÖ×v I fvjevmv K‡g‡Q| ZvB AvBqye Lvb‡K ev Av‡iv KvD‡K hZB MvjvMvj †`Iqv †nvK bv †Kb, Zvi ch©‡eÿb¸‡jv wfwËnxb? ivRbxwZ‡K AvR †Kv_vq bvgv‡bv n‡q‡Q? A‡b‡Ki g‡Z GUvB wK AvR webv cyuwRi e¨emvi GK ¯^Y©wW¤^cÖmwebx GK ivRnsm bq? GLv‡b AvR †Lv` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m¤úv`K mv‡ne‡KI ej‡Z nq GLv‡b mZZvi h‡_ô Afve Av‡Q| RbM‡bi bv‡g RbMb‡K †kvl‡bi hZ iKg cš’v Av‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB wK G‡¯Ígvj n‡”Q bv? ivRbxwZKiv wK AvR RbMb‡K µgvMZ eøvd w`‡qB hv‡”Qb bv? AvR mgv‡R hZ iKg AbvPvi AZ¨vPvi AwePvi _vKv m¤¢e, Zvi me¸‡jvB m‡MŠi‡e weivRgvb| AvR evgy‡bi †Q‡j gvKo gvi‡j †avKo nq Avi k~‡`ªi †Q‡j hvq bi‡K| Av`k© I bxwZ-‰bwwZKZvi †Kvb RvqMv Av‡Q GLv‡b? G meB wK gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, ¯^vaxbZvi †PZbv wQj? †Kej hv‡i †`L‡Z bvwi Zvi Qjb evuKv, GUvB wK Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZi g~j †PZbv? mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK hw` ¯^vaxbZvi AvKvsLvi †cQ‡b †Kvb mwZ¨Kvi Av`k© _vKZ Z‡e GB †`k AvR‡K Ggb Ae¯’vq †cŠuQz‡Z cviZ bv| A‡b‡KB ej‡eb †h Avgv‡`I wK A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ nq wb? wbðqB n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi mv‡_ cvjøv w`‡q Zvi †P‡q eû¸‡b jyU-‡jvcvU `yb©xwZ wK ev‡owb? ‡`‡ki GgbwK iv÷ªxq †KvlvMvi †_‡KI hLb A_© cvPvi (bv wK Pzwi) n‡Z cv‡i ZLb Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi DbœwZ e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv hvq? mgv‡R ˆelg¨ wK K‡g‡Q bv †e‡o‡Q? Avg RbMb wK mwZ¨Kv‡ii b¨vq I mywePvi cv‡”Q? ZvB hw` nq Z‡e †`‡ki gvbyl Aejxjvq ¸g n‡q hvq wKfv‡e? wKfv‡e Zv‡`i KwP KwP mšÍvb‡`i‡K ÿgZvi m‡e©v”P ch©vq †_‡K Aejxjvq wb®‹¤úwP‡Ë †avuKv †`Iqv nq? wKfv‡e Zv‡`i Amnvq evev-gv‡q‡`i †Pv‡Li cvwb Avgib Si‡Z _v‡K Avi iv÷ª Zvi †Kvb c‡ivqvB K‡i bv?

ZvB Avgv‡`i mv‡_, GgbwK Avgv‡`i c‡iI ¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q G iKg †`‡ki †P‡q Avgv‡`i wcwQ‡q covi Kvib G¸‡jvB| Avgiv BwZnv‡mi ev¯ÍeZv‡K Pvcvi †Rv‡i A¯^xKvi K‡i, wb‡R‡`i †jv‡fi Av¸‡b mKj Av`k© I bxwZ-‰bwZKZv‡K wemR©b w`‡q hZB Dbœq‡bi MvjMí XvK‡Xvj mnKv‡i evRvB bv †Kb, Zv‡Z Avgv‡`i fvM¨ ev fwel¨Z e`jv‡bv cÖvq Am¤¢e\    

Thursday, March 2, 2017

Good evening friends. Last night we talked about the contexts in which we use imperative sentences. Now let's discuss in which situation we use optative (= wish) sentences. Look below:
You gave a 5-taka note to an old woman. She said, "May Allah bless you."
Again,
You are going to sit for the final examination. Mother said, "May Allah grant you grand success."
The sentences within "--" are optative (= wish) sentences. Speeches expressing wishes usually start with May and sometimes, also without May. For example: God bless you.
Now,  Such speeches are also called wishes, as ---
I wish I could be there to help you. I wish I were so rich as to help you.
To be brief, any speech expressing wish is an optative sentence.
Exclamations:
Exclamation is what we utter to exppress sudden feelings. It may be joy, admiration, sorrow, happiness, surprise or astonishment, wonder, anger, disgust/hate etc. Look below:
Hurrah! we have won the game. (joy) Bravo! you have won. (admiration) Alas! I am undone. (sorrow) Ah! at last we have reached our goal. (happiness) What* a beautiful bird it is! (wonder)
How* sweet a girl you are! (admiration) You did it! (surprise/astonishment) What a fool you are! (disgust) Fie! you are a thief. (hate) What! how dare you! (anger)
Observe carefully that exclamations are made by either putting what, how,  or such exclamatory words as Alas, Fie, Ah, Oh etc. are words of exclamation, expressing different feelings such as has been shown in the brackets.
* Observe carefully the use of What and How as introductory words of exclamation. Both what and how take an adjective after them; but the construction is What a + Adj, but How + Adj + a.
That's all for now. Feel free to ask any question. Good night and sweet dreams.