Saturday, April 15, 2017

Good evening friends. I was away from Dhaka. However, let's now talk about writing dialogues. Look below:
C.I.: Good morning, sir, can I help yu?
Me: I have a booking on this flight; here is my ticket and passport.
C.I.: Thank you, sir. Here is yor boarding pass and luggage tag.
With the custom officer (CO):
C.O.Do you have anything to declare for taxes, sir?
Me: No, not this time.
C.O.: Ok, you can go.
With the immigration officer (IO):
I.O.: Can I see your passport, sir?
Me: Oh! here it is. And this is the embarkation form.
I.O.: But you don't have a visa.
Me: Don't worry. I'll get it at the airport.
I.O.:Ok then. Have a nice journey.
With the security officer (SO):
S.O.: Could you pass through this security door, please?
Me: Sure.
S.O.: What is that round thing you've in your handbag, sir?
 Me: That is my table clock. I carry it everywhere I go.
S.O.: Ok, sir. You can go.
Me: Thank you.
Well friends, who do you think this dialoge is about? Yes, this is a dialogue at the airport between a passenger of a flight and the custom inspector, the passenger and the immigration officer and also the security officer.
That's all for now friends. Good night and sweet dream.

Monday, April 10, 2017

Good evening fiends. How r u? Last time we talked about the adverbs of frequency and their uses and placement. Tonight, let's see how another kind of adverbs - called sentence adverbs - can be used. Look below:
He did not study hard. Consequently, he failed.
He is always unmindful to his duties in the office. Evidently, he has to suffer.
They met with a serious accident on the way. Fortunately, none got badly hurt.
We have been trying our best to solve the problem but nothing is coming out. Hopefully, our teacher is coming to help us.
In the above sentences, you can understand that Consequently, Evidently, Fortunately and Hopefully have come before a sentence to establish a link between the two sentences. They are also modifying the sentences that follow. That's why they are called sentence adverbs. 
Again look below:
You want to write a problem essay. Firstly, you have to describe the nature of the problem. Secondly, its cause. Thirdly, its effect and fourthly, remedies. Then, you can write a conclusion.
The same is in the case of Firstly, secondly, thirdly, fourthly and then. They connect sentences, both the preceding and the following.
That's all for now guys. Comment on this post if you will. Good night and sweet dreams.

Thursday, April 6, 2017

Hi friends, how r u? Last night we talked about framing/forming/comstructing sentences. (We can say 'making sentences' as well.) We also discussed the use of adverbs of manner, of time, of place and of degree/extent in the sentence but we did not discuss another very necessary adverb, adverbs of frequency. Tonight let's discuss the use of the adverb of frequency*. Look below:
A. He is alsways/often late for school. We are never unmindful to our duties.
B. They often go to the cinema. He frequently comes here. It seldom rains in winter.
C We should never neglect our duties. Have you ever gone to the zoo? I shall never do it again.
Observe carefully that the words in bold letters indicate how many times the action happens i. e. the 'frequency' of the action. They may be either positive or negative. Look below:
Positive: always/ often/ frequently/ ever
Negative: never/seldom/hardly/scarcely
N.B.:- Note carefully that the adverb of frequency follows any form of the verb BE (as in A) and the first HV (as in C) but precedes the MV where there is no HV.(as in B)
That's all for now. Feel free to ask any question. Good night and sweet dreams.

Wednesday, April 5, 2017

We've discussed a good number of items relating to grammar and vocabulary. Now let's see how we can frame/form/construct sentences. The method is simple. The basic structure of a sentence in English is as follows:
Subject + Verb + Extn* [This extension may be a complement* or an object.]
 HeShe       is       a student/happy/here. (Complement)
He/She    reads    a book. (Object)
*Complement == > Complement is what makes the sentence meaningful. Such as, if we say, 'He is.' questions arise 'What/How/Where he is.' But when we say 'a student', 'happy' or 'here', the meaning of the sentence becomes complete. So, we can say that complements are either a noun (a student), adjective (happy) or adverb (here) that helps to complete the meaning of a sentence. And we can symbolize them as Cn, Ca or Cadv.)
Now let's see how a sentence can be made to give full expression of our thought. Look below:
He is a student. (A)
He is a student of class VII. (B)
He is a student of class VII of this school. (C)
He is a meritorious student of class VII of this school. (D)
He is a very meritorious student of class VII of this school. (E)
So, you see that you can make a sentence just by putting the required words in their right places. And what is the right place/position of a 'word'? It depends which part of speech the 'word' is. If it's a noun, it comes after the verb in a statement sentence. If it's an adjective it may be used as in A, Ot it may come before a noun as in D. Again, if it's an adverb, it can be used after the verb as in A. Or it may, in most cases, come at the end of the sentence when there is an action* verb. For example: He reads slowly. She sings sweetly. They fought bravely.
N.B.:- Usually, adjective of quality + ly = adverb of manner. Such as - nice > nicely. brave > bravely, sweet > sweetly.
Of course adverbs are of several kinds; such as adverbs of manner (how something is done), adverbs of time (when something is done), adverbs of place (where something is done), adverbs of degree (to indicate how much the adverbs of manner done). Usually, these different kinds of adverbs are used as follows. Observe carefully.
He does his lessons attentively. (manner)
He does his lessons very attentively. (degree)
He does his lessons in the morning very attentively. (time)
He does his lessons at home very attentively. (place)
By the way, there is another kind of adverb called adverb of frequency which we'll discuss later.
That's all for now friends. Feel free to ask any question. Good night and good bye.

Monday, April 3, 2017

Uses of some more commonly used verbs

wait, measure, weigh, step, fly, bring, sing, catch, drop
Hi friends, good evening. We've already learnt a good number of verbs that come to our day to day use. Now carefully observe the use of a number of more such verbs. Look below:
After a long walk we got thristy. I asked one of my friend to bring a glass of water from the nearby house. The rest of us waited till his return. He returned quite a few minutes after with a big melon. Munir asked, 'Well, how much does it weigh?' Habib said, 'How can we measure it? We don't have a scale here.' I said, 'Drop it. We have to go a long way. I cannot walk any more. I want to catch a bus from the nearby bus-stop.' At my word, my friends stepped forward. Just then a bird flew past over our head chirping merrily. Getting excited, Rubi started to sing a song. We became enthusiastic and increased our steps. We had to catch the earliest bus.
That's all for now, friends. Feel free to ask any question. It'll be better if you learn the 5 forms [base (Vb), present (V), present participle (V+ing), past (Vp) and past participle (Vpp)] of each verb. 

Sunday, April 2, 2017

Hi friends, how r u? We've discussed a good number of verbs that come to our day to day use. In fact there are around 150 such verbs which we use almost everyday. Among them about a half has been talked about. Now let's talk about some more of them. Observe the following verbs in different contexts.
      open, close, shut, uncover, unearth.
Open at page 50 of your book. Open the gate. Open the door.
Shut your mouth! Shut the door. Shut up! The shop has been shut down.
Close the door. Close this chapter. Close up your speech.
The investigator uncovered the truth. 
The treasure buried underground was uncovered.
The machination behind this gross crime was uncovered
The secret was unearthed by the enquiry officer.
Note carefully the use of the above verbs. Remeber that open, uncover, unearth or close and shut bear almost the same meaning, yet we cannot use them at random.
That's all for now guys. Feel free to ask questions if any. Good night and sweet dreams.

Saturday, April 1, 2017

Hi friends. How r u? I observe some people are so worried about TENSE. In fact tense is very important though learning TENSE is not at all difficult. Let's discuss how we can learn TENSE with little care. Observe the following carefully: (Let's see what happens with the verb DO in different tenses.)
Tense         Simple              Continuous             Perfect             Perfect Continuous
Present         do               am/are/is doing    have/has done     have/has been doing
Past             did               was/were doing      had       done              had been doing
Future  shall do               shall be    doing    shall have done           !!!!!!!!!
             will  do                will be   doing       will have done  

From the above you can well understand that continuous tenses have the +ing form and perfect tenses have the past participle form of the MV (Main Verb). And what about the Past simple? The MV changes only into its past form.
And now when shall we use which TENSE?  Just imagine you are standing right here and it's PRESENT. Your back is PAST and your front is FUTURE. The action running is continuous and the action finished is perfect. The action that started some time in the past and still continuing is Perfect continuous. Note the HVs (Helping Verbs) carefully. In continuous, perfect and perfect continuous tenses the MVs remain unchanged but only the HVs change.
Here are some examples. Read them carefully.
I was in class VII last year.  ----- Past Simple
I am in class VIII this year.  ----- Present Simple
I shall be in class IX next year. -- Future Simple
The fan was moving yesterday. ---- Past Continuous
The fan is moving today.  ----------- Present Continuous
The fan will be moving tomorrow.--Future Continuous.
That's all for now friends. We hope to discuss Perfect tenses next time because they are a bit difficult. Feel free to ask questions. Good night and sweet dreams.